Saturday, March 22, 2025

Mickey Mantle: 1958 Home Run leader because of three Inside Park Home Runs (IPHR) in 27 days.

Two posts below are combined to highlight that 3 of the 42 Home Runs hit in 1958 by Mickey Mantle to lead the American League (AL) were Inside Park Home Runs (IPHR), and that he hit them in 27 days. Six of Mantle's 536 career Home Runs were IPHR.

For some additional perspective, here are the IPHR totals for two fast powerful contemporaries:

Willie Mays: 6 of 660 career Home Runs were IPHR:

1954-06-25 NYG CHC Bob Rush
1955-05-29 NYG BRO Johnny Podres
1957-05-30 (2) NYG PHI Don Cardwell
1960-08-25 SFG CIN Claude Osteen
1960-10-02 SFG STL Mel Nelson
1963-07-16 (1) SFG @ PIT Don Cardwell

Hank Aaron: only one of 755 career Home Runs was IPHR:

1967-05-10 (1) ATL @ PHI Jim Bunning

This link is the one mentioned in the post below. I encourage you to look at the entire list. It contains the season leaders in Home Runs for the American League and National League 1903-2024. It shows the number of Home Runs hit over the fence by the leader and the most hit over the fence if a non leader. The most recent leaders with IPHR:

YearNational LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

2013Paul Goldschmidt (ARI)36036100%
2013Pedro Alvarez *(PIT)3613597%

YearAmerican LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

2010Jose Bautista (TOR)5415398%

Most recent leader with more than one IPHR:

YearAmerican LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

1980Reggie Jackson+ * (NYY)41041100%
1980Ben Oglivie * (MIL)4123995%

Going back in time with at least 3 IPHR is Mantle:

YearAmerican LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

1958Mickey Mantle+ # (NYY)4233993%
Rocky Colavito (CLE)41041100%

Obviously, Colavito hit the most Home Runs over the fence in 1958 in the AL.

Most recent four IPHR for a Home Run leader:

YearAmerican LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

1923Babe Ruth+ * (NYY)41403790.2%

YearNational LeagueHRIPHRBouncedOPHRPct Over

1922Rogers Hornsby+ (STL)42403890.5%

Nine of Babe Ruth's 714 Home Runs were IPHR, including one of his 60 in 1927: #27:
1927-07-08 (2) NYY @ DET Don Hankins

In seasons 2015-2014 there have been 114 IPHR. 2024 Home Run leaders Aaron Judge (58) and Shohei Ohtani (54) have never hit IPHR in the MLB careers.

Most Home Runs per season over fences. Friday, June 24, 2011

See the data. (updated through 2024)

Until 1931 a ball that bounced over a fence was a home run. I looked for both Bounced HR and IPHR (inside the park home runs). Some quick comments:

In 1909 Ty Cobb won the triple crown, leading AL in BA, RBI, HR. All 9 of Cobb's HR were IPHR...

The only one (for a player leading in HR) between 1980 and 1952: Mickey Mantle 1958 AL. Some digression for the Mick.

In his career Mickey Mantle hit 6 IPHR:

1953-08-07 NYY CHW Connie Johnson Yankees 6, White Sox 1
1958-05-09 NYY WSH Pedro Ramos Yankees 9, Senators 5
1958-05-20 NYY @ CHW Dick Donovan    Yankees 5, White Sox 1
1958-06-05 (1) NYY CHW Early Wynn    Yankees 12, White Sox 5
1959-05-12 NYY CLE Cal McLish    Indians 7, Yankees 6
1961-06-30 NYY WSA 
Dick Donovan    Yankees 5, (new) Senators 1

...

The three in 1958 provided Mick with his margin of victory over Cleveland slugger Rocky Colavito: 42-41 in that season's HR race, a prelude to Mantle's HR battles against new Yankee teammate Roger Maris in 1960 and 1961.

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1958 AL Home Run race. Who "led the league in hitting" ... home runs? Thursday, March 31, 2016

Rocky Colavito (Cleveland Indians) was second with 41.

In their careers Colavito and Cerv never hit an inside the park HR (IPHR). Sievers hit one: June 28, 1955 in Washington. Mantle hit six, three in 1958 in 27 days batting lefty:
- Senators: May 9 off Pedro Ramos in Yankee Stadium
- White Sox: May 20 off Dick Donovan and June 5 off Early Wynn, first in Chicago then in Yankee Stadium...

... then why wasn't Rocky Colavito the Home Run King in 1958, instead of Mickey Mantle.
The old phrase "led the league in hitting" has faded but not completely. But looking at HR rate has never taken hold. We still deal with HR as totals.
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Stop staring at Batting Average and Home Runs. Look at their percentage above the league. Sunday, January 30, 2022

We baseball fans are simple. That's a euphemism for stupid. We stare at numbers and marvel at them even when they are completely lacking context. The two traditional stats stared at the most are:

Batting Average: Hits divided by At Bats (AB).

Home Runs: uh, that's it. Just a total. Not even a simple average or rate like AB divided by HR to get the common sense stat of the average number of AB to hit a homer.

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Wednesday, March 19, 2025

One pitcher increased Ted Williams Batting Average ten points in 1941, with and without stupid Sacrifice Fly scoring rule.

Photo of Ted Williams

Ted Williams

Position: Leftfielder

Bats: Left  •  Throws: Right

6-3205lb (190cm, 92kg)

Born: August 301918 in San Diego, CA us

Died: July 52002 (Aged 83-309d) in Inverness, FL

Buried: Frozen






Ted Williams: the mythology of the final games of 1941. Thursday, October 13, 2011

Ted Williams hit .394 in 1941 against teams not the Yankees. Monday, August 15, 2016

Ted Williams hit .406 in 1941. Williams is the last batter to qualify for league lead in averages with a batting average (BA) of at least .400.

Williams had his highest BA (.471) against the New York Yankees (101-53-2) ...

... the biggest culprit was Hall of Famer Lefty Gomez.

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Lefty Gomez made Ted Williams a .400 hitter in 1941. Sunday, March 16, 2025

1941 was the last significant season for Lefty Gomez. He put Ted Williams over .400.

Williams had his highest BA in 1941 against the Yankees but it wasn't the Yankee pitchers (.471) who put Williams over. It was one Yankee pitcher: Lefty Gomez:

10 for 14: .714 ...

Ted Williams 1941:

ISplitGGSPAABRH2B3BHRRBISBCSBBSOBAOBPSLGOPSTB
1941 Totals143133606456135185333371192414727.406.553.7351.287335
Provided by Baseball-Reference.comView Original Table
Generated 3/16/2025.

Subtract Gomez from Williams totals:

(185-10)/(456-14)=.39592760181

.396 ...

Williams batted against 74 pitchers (unfortunately, teams are not listed) in 1941: https://stathead.com/tiny/l6mwC 

He had fewer than 5 Plate Appearances (PA) against 28 of the 74.

He had at least 10 Plate Appearances against 19 of the 74...

At least 10 PA:

...

Gomez has the highest BA: .714

Second is Johnny Gorsica, who has the most PA: .600. Gorsica pitched his entire career with Detroit. Gorsica pitched in the 1940 World Series. Gorsica would also put Williams under .400: (185-9)/(456-15) = .3990.

Gomez 1941:

ISplitWLW-L%ERAGGSGFCGSHOSVIPHRERHRBBSO
1941 Totals155.7503.7423230820156.115176651010376
Provided by Baseball-Reference.comView Original Table
Generated 3/16/2025.

Gomez led AL in W-L% in 1941.

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Ted Williams final 84 plate appearances in 1941: .406 Batting Average. Monday, March 17, 2025

I received some off blog comments about the fact that Ted Williams had a .400 Batting Average in 1941 despite the stupid Sacrifice Fly (SF) scoring rule not being in effect. In other words, if Williams hit a fly out ball with fewer than two outs and a base runner scored as a result, Williams got the Run Batted In (RBI) but was charged with an At Bat (AB) because he, you know, made that OUT.

The Sacrifice Fly scoring rule has been in and out since the 1920s. It's been back in its current form since 1954, so Williams got that benefit in his final seasons 1954-1960.

Supposedly in 1941 Williams would have had 8 SF. Subtracting them from his AB:

185/(456-8)=.41294642857

If we also subtract the 10 for 14 that Williams had against Gomez:

(185-10)/(456-8-14)=.40322580645

I think the RBI is reward enough and that the batter should be charged with an AB as was the case in 1941. But that's not the point of this post.

The point is that back then, a single pitcher could change a batter's BA ten points. It doesn't matter if it was from .406 to .396 without SF or .413 to .403 with SF. It's still ten points.

Making it even more interesting is that the pitcher is Hall of Famer Lefty Gomez in his final good, but not great, season.

In 1941 Gomez had the fourth most PA against Williams (18). Johnny Gorsica had the most (24). Bob Feller had the most AB (18) on 22 PA. Gomez had the fourth most AB (14).

In 1961 the American League (AL) expanded from 8 to 10 teams and increased the schedule 5% from 154 to 162 games. Norm Cash led the AL in BA in 1961 with .361. Cash also led in hits. 193/535=.361. And 673 PA. Williams had only 606 PA and 456 AB. Cash played 159 games, Williams 143. Plus, Williams only Pinch Hit (PH) in his first five games and 10 total. Ironically, Cash had only 2 SF in 1961.

Cash faced 104 pitchers compared to 74 for Williams:

https://stathead.com/tiny/g3gQh

Cash had at least ten PA against 27 pitchers compared to 19 for Williams.

In 1961 Yankee ace Whitey Ford had the most PA and AB against Cash. Here are the tops in PA against Norm Cash:

Bob Shaw comes the closest to replicating what Gomez was to Williams: 7 for 10. Here's how Shaw impacted .361 BA by Cash:

(193)/(535)=.36074766355

(193-7)/(535-10)=.35428571428

About 7 BA points.

Lefty Gomez threw only 156 innings in 1941. Bob Shaw, pitching for the White Sox and KC As, threw 221 innings in 1961.

Expansion caused an increase in innings pitched by starters:

1961:

Innings Pitched
1.Ford • NYY283.0
2.Lary • DET275.1
3.Bunning • DET268.0
4.Ramos • MIN264.1
5.Pascual • MIN252.1
6.Barber • BAL248.1
7.Grant • CLE244.2
8.Kralick • MIN242.0
9.McBride • LAA241.2
10.Mossi • DET240.1

1991 (AL had 14 teams playing basically a balanced schedule between the two divisions):

Innings Pitched
1.Clemens • BOS271.1
2.McDowell • CHW253.2
3.Morris • MIN246.2
4.Langston • CAL246.1
5.Tapani • MIN244.0
6.Abbott • CAL243.0
7.Swindell • CLE238.0
Candiotti • 2TM238.0
9.Navarro • MIL234.0
10.Finley • CAL227.1

Julio Franco led AL in BA in 1991 with .341 (201 for 589) on 659 PA. Oh, 2 SF. Franco had at least 10 PA against only 10 of 160 pitchers faced. Relief pitching was really expanding and Mariano Rivera had not even started.

https://stathead.com/tiny/uuD1M

In 2024 inter league play, including every team played every other team at least twice, really diluted batter - pitcher matchups, as did relief pitching.

2024 MLB:

Innings Pitched
1.Gilbert • SEA208.2
2.Lugo • KCR206.2
3.Webb • SFG204.2
4.Wheeler • PHI200.0
5.Nola • PHI199.1
6.Burnes • BAL194.1
7.Berríos • TOR192.1
8.Skubal • DET192.0
9.Kirby • SEA191.0
10.Cease • SDP189.1


Complete Games
1.Sánchez • PHI2
Fried • ATL2
Gausman • TOR2

Many with one complete game.

In 2024 Bobby Witt, Jr. led AL in BA with .332 and also led in hits: 211 for 636 on 709 PA ... 8 SF (Hey, same as Williams in 1941). Let's add 8 AB and see what it does.

211/636=.33176100628

211/(636+8)=.32763975155

A change of about 4 points in BA. The difference for Williams was about 11 points: .413 v. .406.

Finally:

https://stathead.com/tiny/HqcuP

In 2024 Bobby Witt, Jr. faced 287 pitchers. Williams faced 74 in 1941. Most PA:

6 for 8 against this guy Flexen. Let's subtract his numbers:

(211-6)/(636-8)=.32643312101

Flexen increased Witt about 6 BA points. Lefty Gomez increased Ted Williams about 10 BA points way back at the beginning of this post.